Apparatus and method for pressure testing containers

ABSTRACT

An apparatus and method for pressure testing of bottles wherein each bottle is subjected to a charge of pressurized fluid while being enclosed within individual peripheral cells of a rotating turret. Each cell is constructed such that the cell interior is sealed during testing while failure of a bottle to withstand a predetermined internal pressure, resulting in breakage of the bottle, effects immediate discharge of the broken bottle from the cell. The pressurized fluid, such as air, which is charged to the bottles during testing, is controlled by a central fluid distribution system with individual filling heads provided for each cell. Upon breakage of a bottle, the fluid flow to that cell is shut off. In order to increase efficiency of operation, fluid from bottles which have been charged for the predetermined test period is transferred to other bottles which are about to undergo testing. Means are also provided for testing each bottle for leakage.

United States Patent 1191 Strauss et al.

[ APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR PRESSURE TESTING CONTAINERS [75] Inventors: Leo Strauss, East Rockaway, N.Y.;

Gerard J. Voytek, Bridgeport, Conn.

[73] Assignee: Glass Containers Corporation,

Fullerton, Calif.

[22] Filed: Feb. 8, 1971 [21] Appl. No.: 113,425

52 us. Cl. 73/45, 73/492 511 mu. 001m 3/02 [58] Field of Search 73/37, 45.1, 45,

561 References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,010,310 11/1961 Rowe. 73/45 3,489,275 l/l970 Powers, Jr. 73/37 X Primary Examiner-Richard C. Qu'eisser Assistant Examiner-Joseph W. Roskos Attomv-Parmelee. Utzler & Welsh [451 Aug. 14, 1973 [5 7] ABSTRACT An apparatus and method for pressure testing of bottles wherein each bottle is subjected to a charge of pressurized fluid while being enclosed within individual pe ripheral cells of a rotating turret. Each cell is constructed such that the cell interior is sealed during testing while failure of a bottle to withstand a predetermined internal pressure, resulting in breakage of the bottle, effects immediate discharge of the broken bottle from the cell. The pressurized fluid, such as air, which is charged to the bottles during testing, is controlled by a central fluid distribution system with individual filling heads provided for each cell. Upon breakage of a bottle, the fluid flow to that cell is shut off. In order to increase efficiency of operation, fluid from bottles which have been charged for the predetermined test period is transferred to other bottles which are about to undergo testing. Means are also provided for testing each bottle for leakage.

sum 01 or 15 [IIIE PATENIEU NIB 4 INVENTORS.

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APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR PRESSURE TESTING CONTAINERS BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides an apparatus and a method for individually testing bottles to determine whether the bottles will withstand a predetermined pressure and also test them for possible flaws which could result in leakage of pressurized contents from the bottle following conventional sealing of the bottles.

In view of the concern of bottle manufacturers and users for the quality and safety of bottles used for pressurized contents, bottles have generally been visually examined by trained personnel to reject any bottle that is to be placed on the market which contains evidence of even possible defects. Because of the time consumed for such manual testing and the chance of human error in detecting flaws, some of which are not readily visible, attempts have been made to provide a mechanical and scientifically based device for testing bottles. Such devices have, however, failed to become commercially usable, probably because of either the cost of such a device or the difficulty in shielding both operating parts and personnel from the minute particles of glass which result from breakage of a bottle in the devices, while still enabling rapid movement of bottles either to filling devices or packaging stations.

The most pertinent disclosure of which we are aware is the device illustrated in US. Pat. No. 3,010,310. This device uses a series of test compartments positioned around the periphery of a turret, which compartments are open both at their outer side and bottom, with desired sealing effected at required times by stationary walls. Bottles fed to this device are suspended during testing by gripper jaws with valves used to inject pressurized air into each bottle at a specified pressure and for a specified time period. To our knowledge, this device has not achieved any marked commercial success and the container industry is still searching for an efficient and economical mechanical bottle tester.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Bottles are tested for their capacity to withstand pressure by feeding them from a conveyor or other source into an opening in a stationary shield and into peripheral cells of a rotating turret. Each cell, as it revolves around the center axis of the turret, is completely sealed while pressurized air is forced into the bottle resting in the cell. Should the bottle explode, the cell bottom is opened to discharge glass fragments by gravity into a compartment in the base of the apparatus while means are provided to stop the flow of pressurized air to-that cell. If the bottle withstands the predetermined pressure for a desired time, the air is exhausted from the bottle and the bottle discharged from the cell and through an opening in the shield to a discharge conveyor. Prior to exhausting the air from a good bottle, means are provided to transfer the pressurized air from that bottle to a further bottle that is to unde'rgo testing thus reducing significantly the compressed air requirements of the system. In addition to checking for bottle weakness by using pressurized air, means are provided to test for leakage, such as that which would occur from chips in the lip of a bottle.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 11 is a top plan view of the apparatus of the present invention illustrating the containers from a source situated at the right side of the drawing being introduced into the apparatus, the containers being rotated clockwise with the turret and discharged to the left side of the drawing;

FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view taken along the lines II-II of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is an exploded schematic view of the portion of the apparatus illustrated in FIG. 1, wherein the containers are admitted and discharged from the turret, with parts broken away to illustrate portions of the interior of the Turret;

FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of a single cell of the apparatus in which containers are rested during testing, showing .the baffle means associated therewith;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a series of cells, looking through the front opening of the cell, and showing the cam means used to raise and lower side walls of the cells;

FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view of a filling head assembly used in the basic embodiment of the present invention illustrating the filling head tube and valve means;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the filling head assembly shown in FIG. 6, with the left-hand portion of the drawing illustrating the position of various components upon breakage of a bottle, or absence of a bottle from the cell, and the right-hand portion of the drawing illustrating the tube in raised position as when pressurized fluid has been exhausted from a bottle that has been tested;

FIG. 8 is a view in partial cross section of the top of a central air distribution system used in the basic embodiment of the apparatus;

FIG. 9 is a view in partial cross-section of a central air distribution system taken along the line 9-9 of FIG.

FIG. 10 is a view in cross-section of a central air distribution system taken along the line 10-10 of FIG. 8;

FIG. 11 is a view in partial cross-section of a central air distribution system 1]l-ll of FIG. 8;

FIG. 12 is a partial cross-sectional view taken along the line ll2ll2 of FIG. 9, showing portions of the contiguous rings used to distribute air from a source to the individual cells of the apparatus;

FIG. 13 is a top plan view of an air outlet ring used in the central air distribution system of the apparatus;

FIG. M is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 14M of FIG. 13;

FIG. 15 is a top plan view of an air distribution ring used in the central air distribution system of the basic apparatus;

FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 16-16 of FIG. 15;

FIG. 17 is a partial cross-sectional view of a further embodiment of a filling head assembly used to detect leaking containers, with the upper left-hand portion of the drawing illustrating the position of components therein when a leaking bottle has been tested, and the upper right-hand portion of the drawing illustrating the position of components therein when a good bottle has been tested;

FIG. 18 is a view in partial cross-section of the top of a central air distribution system used in a further embodiment of the apparatus wherein containers are tested for leakage;

FIG. 19 is a view in partial cross-section of a central air distribution system taken along the lines 19-19 of FIG. 18;

FIG. 20 is a view in partial cross-section of a central air distribution system taken along the lines 20-20 of FIG. 18;

FIG. 21 is a view in partial cross-section of a central air distribution system taken along the lines 2l-21 of FIG. 18;

FIG. 22 is a top plan view of leak tester air distribution ring used in the further embodiment of the apparatus;

FIG. 23 is a timing chart graphically illustrating the position of components of the apparatus of the present invention during a testing cycle;

FIG. 24 is a top plan view illustrating a leaker testcell identification and ejection system usable with the apparatus of the invention;

FIG. 25 is a view in partial cross-section taken along lines 2525 of FIG. 24;

FIG. 26 is a detailed view of an injection switch assembly; and

FIG. 27 is a block diagram of the leaker test cell identification system.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION The present invention provides a novel means for high speed, high pressure, safe and economical testing of containers, especially glass bottles. Glass bottles from a source, such as a bottle production area or other source are inserted into individual cells of the apparatus herein described, tested under high pressure during travel around the periphery of the apparatus, and f1- nally exited from the apparatus and removed from the immediate area for packaging, filling or other processing. Referring to FIG. 1, bottles b are fed from a source (not shown) to a conveyor 2, or other transfer device to the bottle tester 1 through an opening la. As illustrated, the bottles b are transported by the conveyor, while being guided by opposed spring mounted guide rails 3 and 3'. As the bottle movement continues, the bottles are brought into contact with a rotatable worm gear 4 and urged into contact with the worm gear by spring mounted guide rails 5 and 6 so as to space the bottles b a predetermined distance from each other and traverse them towards an ingress star wheel 7. The star wheel 7 is rotatably mounted on a vertical shaft 8 by a locking device such as a washer 9 and is arranged to rotate counterclockwise in the illustrated apparatus. Bottles b are traversed by the worm gear 4 into engagement with the arms 10 of the star wheel 7, and ride along a curved guide rail 11 for insertion through operning la and into the testing apparatus 1. As hereinafter described, the bottles are fed to individual cells of a rotatable turret and are carried clockwise almost 360. Bottles which are not shattered by the subjection to pressurized air during testing are brought into contact with an egress star wheel 12. This star wheel 12 is rotatable about a vertical shaft 13 and held in place by securing means 14, being rotated counterclockwise as shown in FIG. 1. This motion urges the bottles, which ride along a curved guide rail 15 out of the tester and onto a removal conveyor 2'. The bottles, after exiting from the tester are retained upright by spring mounted guide rails 16 and 16. The removal conveyor 2' carries bottles past pivotally mounted discharge gates 17 and 17' which are positioned opposite a pusher bar 18 which ejects bottles which have been found to be damaged or of low quality so as to be unable to hold pressure. These rejected bottles are deposited on a transverse conveyor 19, and contained by side walls 20 and 20' for discharge into a scrap container. Good bottles, those which have withstood the pressure test, and are able to retain pressure without leakage, are carried away by removal conveyor 2' for use. Controls for the testing apparatus are preferably located in an adjacent console 21, with an air inlet line 22 and electrical power line 23 provided, as are conventional control switches 24 for speed control and other operational sequences. The tester 1 has a door 25 for removing broken glass or cullet as later described.

The tester 1, comprises a base housing 26 (FIG. 2), a rotatable turret 27 having a series of cells 0 around its periphery and a stationary cylindrical wall or shield 28 enclosing the series of cells. Positioned on the shield and enclosing the upper portion of the apparatus is a removable cap or dome 29. The base 26 carries a plurality of adjustable legs 30 to enable positioning and leveling of the tester. The rotatable turret 27 is secured to a drive shaft hub 31 mounted on a vertically positioned hollow drive shaft 32, with bearing such as tapered roller bearings 33 provided to enable rotation of the turret in a horizontal plane. The hollow drive shaft is rotated by a gear 34 that is connected through a reduction gear 34a to a motor m, with the motor in turn, supplied with electrical power through electrical inlet 22. In order to collect and discharge broken glass from faulty bottles, a slanted false bottom 35 slants towards the cullet discharge door 25 and has a level collection portion 36 adjacent the door. The lower portion of drive shaft 32 is encased within a protective cover 37 to insulate it from minute glass particles, while the upper portion also has a protective sleeve 38, which sleeve is supported by base support members 39, carried by the base housing 26. The sleeve 38 has a flange 40 at its upper end to which a cam support 41 is secured, with the cam support having a raised surface portion 42 and anormal surface portion 43 which serve to position the bottom trap door of the cells as hereinafter described.

The rotating turret 27 has a support member 44 comprising radially extending supports carried by the hub 31 which carry at their outer ends a series of cells c. The number of cells 0 around the periphery of the turret 27 can, of course, vary depending upon the desired size and throughput desired for any particular machine. As illustrated, the turret has a series of 25 cells, and the following description will relate to an apparatus having this number of cells. Each cell has a rear wall 45 which depends from the support 44, a top wall 46 extending outwardly from support 44, a pair of vertically movable side walls 47 and a floor 48 which opens into the base housing 26. The cells have no rotating outer wall, that is, a wall opposite the rear wall 45, but rather the shield 28 is positioned to serve as an outer wall at desired points. The rear wall 45, depending from support member 44 and illustrated in FIG. 4 has an opening 49 in the upper portion thereof with a screen 50 disposed in the opening and a baffle 51 spaced between the screen and a bottle resting in the cell. The top wall 46 attached to support member 44 and illustrated in FIG. 4 has an opening 49 in the upper portion thereof with a screen 50 disposed in the opening and a baffle 51 spaced between the screen and a bottle resting in the cell. The

top wall 46 attached to support member 44 has an orifice 52 in the center for receiving a filling tube 53, with a sealing means such as an O-ring 54 to seal the top of the cell from the adjacent parts of the apparatus above the cell. The top wall 46 terminates in are such that the outer edge 55 is flush with the shield 28. A sealing means such as a flexible rubber strip 56 extends around the inner surface 57 of the shield 28 along which the outer edge 55 slides so as to seal the junction between the top wall 46 and the shield 28. Side walls 47 extend from a position between rear walls 45 of adjacent cells and terminate at the inner surface 57 of the shield 28. These side walls, each of which separate adjacent cells from each other, are vertically movable as illustrated schematically in FIG. 5 and as is described hereinafter. These side walls 47 have at their upper outer end 58 a rolling cam 59, which cam follows a track 60 in the inner surface 57 of the shield 28 as the turret 27 rotates. The rear end 61 of the side walls has laterally ex tending dowels 62 which ride in a vertical groove 63 in the side surface of rear wall 45. The arrangement of the cam 59, the dowel 62, and groove 63 are such that the side wall 47 is reciprocal in a vertical plane when the track 60 changes its vertical position in the surface 57 of the shield 28. To completely enclose the cell, a cell floor is provided having a forked stationary support 64 and a pivotable trap door 65. As seen from FIGS. 3-5, the formed stationary support 64, which is secured to the bottom of the rear wall has a pair of arms 66 and 66' which extend outwardly to the inner surface 57 of the shield 28. Adjacent arms 66 and66 of adjacent cell supports 64' mate with each other and form a support or base for a side wall 47 when the side wall is in lowered position so as to rest thereon. The arms 66 and 66' have tapered sides 67 and 67 which face the interior of a cell and thus eliminate sharp corners where glass particles could collect. A similar tapered portion 68 is provided on the bottom inner surface of the rear wall 45. In order to seal the surface between a side wall 47 and a cooperative pair of contiguous arms 66 and 66,

-a sealing strip 69 is carried by the bottom surface 70 of the side wall 47. The trap door 65, which closes the space between a pair of arms 66 and 66' of a forked support 64 is pivotally mounted and arranged to open into the area of the base housing 26. The door 65 is connected at one end to a brace 70 carried by the rear wall 45, through a link 71. One end of link 71 is attached to the brace by a pivot means 72 while the other end thereof is attached to the trap door 45 by pivot means 73. A second linkage between the trap door 65 and the rear wall 45 includes a V-shaped link 74, with one leg 75 of the V-shaped link pivotally attached through pivot means 76 to the trap door 65, the apex of the V-shaped link attached to a brace 77 on the rear wall by pivot means 78, and the other leg 79 of the V- shaped link extending inwardly towards the center of the apparatus and carrying a roller cam 80 at its end. A spring 81 is attached at one end to a post 82 on the rear wall 45 and at its other end to a lug 83 on leg 79 adjacent the roller cam 80, the spring 81 applying a force so as to urge the trap door downwardly. A bumper 84 is attached to leg 75 and contacts a stud 85 on the rear wall to facilitate positioning of the linkage.

This double linkage, through link 71 and link 74 in conjunction with the cam 80 enables opening and closing of the trap door 65 at desired times. When roller cam 80 is in contact with normal cam surface 43, the

door 65 is maintained in a closed position against the force of the spring 81. The manual cam surface 43 however extends around the axis of the turret only in those sections where the trap door 65 is intended to be forced closed irrespective of whether or not a bottle is resting on the door. When a bottle is inserted in the cell and rests on the trap door 65, as will be explained hereinafter, a filling head 53 is pressed downwardly and rests on the lip of the bottle. This force F provides a closing torque on the trapdoor through the linkage arrangement because it will effect a clockwise movement about the linkage kinematic instant center at this closed position. Thus, even when the cam roller is out of contact with a cam surface, as is provided in predetermined sections of the apparatus, the trap door will remain in closed position. This closing torque, in effect, latches the trap door in closed position against the counterclockwise moment of the spring 81. Should a bottle break, when pressurized air is injected into it, with the cell being opposite the raised cam surface 42, the closing torque (through the filling head 53 and bottle b) is relieved and the spring 81 automatically urges the leg 79 upwardly and the linked trapdoor open (as illustrated in dotted lines in FIG. 4) to effect deposition of the broken glass fragments into the base housing 28.

In addition to providing for automatic discharge of glass fragments from the closed -cell upon breakage of a bottle, a muffling system 86 is present to diminish the sound of the breakage which is similar to an explosion. The muffler system comprises a series of staggered baffles 87 within a housing 88, with a muffling material such as copper wool 89 or other sound absorbent and corrosion resistant material. As illustrated in FIG. 4, air from an exploding bottle in a cell 0 passes around baffle 51 through the screen 50 and then around the staggered baffles 87 through the sound absorbent material 89 and is finally discharged through an opening 90. In addition to muffling the explosion, the absorbent material retains powdered glass that might otherwise be discharged into the interior of the apparatus.

In order to test individual bottles for the ability to withstand pressurized contents, means are provided with each cell c for injecting pressurized air into the bottle resting in the cell. A filling head 91 (FIG. 6) for each cell c, has filling tube 53, which is slidably secured, at its upper portion, in a bore 92 of a block 93. The block 93 is secured, by cap screws 94 or other securing means to a support plate 95 which is attached to the apparatus. The bore 92 in block 93 has stepped enlarged portions 96 and 97, with the largest and uppermost portion 97 communicating with a port 98, which port is connected to a source of pressurized air. The filling tube 53, which has an air passageway 99 axially disposed therein carries at its lower end a threaded portion 100 to which there is releasably attached a hollow sealing plug 101, the plug 101 having secured to the bottom thereof a flexible sealing gasket 102 which contacts bottles during filling and testing operations. The tube 53, at its upper end, which is disposed within the uppermost portion 97 of the bore 92, has a flange 103. Adjacent this flange and communicable with the enlarged bore 97, an air hole 104 extends through the tube and connects the bore 97 with the air passageway 99. Disposed within the enlarged bore 97, and around the tube 53, there is a reciprocable spool 105, the spool movable in a vertical direction. The spool has a cut-out portion 106, which forms a spacing 107 between the upper portion of the spool and the tube 53. Sealing means such as O-rings 108 are provided on the inner and outer areas of the spool 105 to provide sealed but movable surfaces for the spool, while a sealing gasket 109 is seated on the upper surface 110 of the spool. A resilient means such as a spring 111 is situated within the portion 96 of the bore, which spring normally urges the spool in an upward position. A sealing means 112 is also provided in block 93 to provide for tight but slidable movement of the tube 53 within the block.

When in rest position, that is, in a position where there is no pressurized air charged to the filling head 91, the spool 105, as illustrated in the right-hand section of FIG. 7, is urged upwardly within enlarged bore 97 by the spring 111 and by urging the flange 103 upwardly retracts the filling tube 53 from its filling position. Such a rest position is used to raise the filling tube 53 in the cell so as to enable insertion of a bottle into position for testing without danger of premature contact with the gasket 102. In this position, the spring 96 is extended while the spool 105 is urging the flange 103 of tube 53 into contact with the support plate 95. Upon positioning a bottle for testing within a cell, pressurized air is injected through port 98, which air impinges upon the flange 103 and drives the flange and tube 53 downwardly until it rests upon the lip of the bottle in the cell. The pressure is then increased to the desired testing pressure, such as 200 lbs. per sq. in., with the pressurized air flowing around the flange 103, through air hole 104 and air passageway 99 into the bottle interior, with the force of the pressurized air maintaining the sealing gasket 102 firmly against the bottle lip. The position of the various components of the filling head 91 during the pressurized sequence of operation is illustrated in FIG. 7. If the bottle is pressure resistant, the pressure will be maintained until the pressurized air is exhausted through air port 98, following a test period, and the tube retracted to rest position.

In the event that the bottle being tested has a flaw which results in breakage of the bottle when under pressure, the filling head enables shutting off of air to that cell. This occurence is illustrated in the left-hand section of FIG. 7, wherein upon breakage of the bottle, the tube 53 is forced downwardly, with the pressurized air impinging on the flange 103 immediately forcing the flange into contact with the sealing gasket 109. In this position, the air in enlarged portion 97 of the bore is unable to enter the space 107 of the spool and air port 104, so that no air is permitted to enter the passageway 99 of the tube 53.

Air to each of the individual filler heads 91, and thus to each bottle within a cell c, is controlled by a central air distribution system 113. Generally, the air distribution system 1 13 includes a distributor head and a rotatable manifold having a pair of contiguous air feed rings. Air fromline 23 is charged to a pipe 114 which is stationary and extends from the base housing 26 upwardly through the hollow shaft 32 and extends to the upper portion of the apparatus. The air pipe 114 is secured in place by mounting means such as an arm 115, and a stay rod 116 which is supported by a brace 117 attached to protective cover 37, although other securing means are usable. As best illustrated in FIGS. 8 through 16, the air distribution system includes a stationary spool 118 and a rotatable manifold ring 119 which is rotatable about the axis of the spool. The manifold 119 contains a series of annular ports 120 around the outer edge of the manifold ring which connect through air holes 121 to a groove 122 on a planar surface 123 of the ring, which groove extends around the inner periphery of the ring 119. Seated within the groove 122 is an air outlet ring 124. The air outlet ring 124, shaped similar to a washer, as best seen by referring to FIGS. 13 and 14. This air outlet ring has a flat surface 125 which seats in the groove 122, while the other side has a raised shoulder 126. A series of ports 127 extend through the air outlet ring, which ports mate with the air holes 121 of the manifold ring 119, a port 127 being provided for each cell in the apparatus, herein illustrated with 25 such ports.

The stationary spool, formed of three separable parts, a bottom hub 128, a central core 129 and an upper hub 130 is secured together by a bolt 131 or other fastening means, with the air pipe 114 extending through portions 128 and 129 and into the upper hub 130 where it communicates with a cross-channel 132 therein. The upper hub 130 has a groove 133 in a planar surface 134 thereof, around the inner periphery of the hub, the groove being complimentary with groove 122 in the manifold ring 119. Secured within the groove 133 is a stationary distributor ring 135 which controls the flow of air from pipe 114 and cross-channel 132 to the various ports 127 of the outlet ring 124. The distributor ring 135, as best illustrated in FIGS. 15 and 16 has a channel 136 cut in a face 137, with air inlets 138 leading to this channel, the opposite face 139 of the ring having a shoulder 140 which rides along shoulder 126 of the air outlet ring 124 when the two rings are placed in contact with each other. The distributor ring 135 is seated within the groove 133, with a plurality of spaced springs 141 (FIG. 11) used to force the distributor ring 135 against the air outlet ring 124. In addition, air from the cross-channel 132 impinges upon the face 137 of distributor ring 135 to urge it into contact with the air outlet ring 124.

With this arrangement, ports 127 of the rotatable air outlet ring 124 which are positioned within the arc of the channel 136 are subjected to pressurized air from air pipe 114, with this pressurized air being directed through cross-channel 132 to an air inlet 138 to the channel 136 and then through ports 127 which are in communication with the channel 136, directly through the communicating air holes 121 and ports 120 and then by connecting hoses 142 to the air filling heads 91. The retention means, the springs 141 and air pressure from cross-channel 132 on face 137, which urge the two rings 135 and 124 together, are best illustrated in FIG. 11.

An important aspect of the present invention is the means for re-using or capturing pressurized air from bottles which withstand the pressure test. This re-use provides significant savings in the pressurized air required by the apparatus over a continued use period. Such capturing of the air, upon exhaustion from bottles which have withstood the pressure test, provides a supply of pressurized air which may be used to operate auxillary equipment associated with the apparatus or it may be used to initially fill bottles that are to undergo testing. In the illustrated embodiment, means are provided to thus exhaust air from a tested bottle to a bottle that is entering the test sequence. As illustrated, this means includes, for high pressure regeneration, a coupling 143 which is attached to a line 144, the other end of line 144 having a coupling 145, these couplings com- 

1. Apparatus for the pressure testing of containers, comprising, a. a rotatable turret having a series of container test cells around the periphery thereof each test cell having a bottom support upon which containers are rested and an outwardly facing opening for admitting and discharging containers, b. means for rotating the turret, c. a stationary housing around the turret arranged to form an outer wall for cell openings, the housing having a window therein for admitting and discharging containers into and out of the cells as the cells rotate past the window, d. means for introducing fluid under pressure into the containers resting in the cells during a selected portion of rotation of the turret, and e. means for exhausting pressurized fluid from the containers prior to their discharge from the cells.
 2. An apparatus for the pressure testing of containers as defined in claim 1 wherein the bottom support upon which the containers rest includes a pivotable trap-door which forms a portion of the cell.
 2. a pair of vertically movable side walls, and
 3. rear and top walls; the cells having an outwardly facing opening for admitting and discharging bottles therefrom; b. means for rotating the turret; c. a stationary housing around the turret arranged to form an outer wall, the housing having a window therein for admitting and discharging bottles into and out of the cells as the cells rotate past the window, d. means for introducing air under pressure into the bottles resting in the cells during a selected portion of rotation of the turret, with the stationary housing bottom support, pair of side walls and top and bottom walls arranged to seal the contents of the cell from the surrounding area during that selected portion of rotation, and e. means for exhausting pressurized fluid from the bottles prior to their discharge from the cells.
 3. An apparatus for the pressure testing of containers as defined in claim 2 wherein means are provided for locking said trap-door in closed position for resting of containers thereon at the portion of rotation of the turret during which the containers are admitted and discharged from the housing.
 4. An apparatus for the pressure testing of containers as defined in claim 3 wherein said pivotable trap-door includes a linkage arranged to restrain the trap-door in closed position when a container is resting thereon and said means for introducing fluid under pressure to the containers is in contact with the container.
 5. An apparatus for the pressure testing of containers as defined in claim 4 wherein said linkage is arranged to automatically open said trap-door and discharge container fragments from said cell upon breakage of a container resting thereon.
 6. An apparatus for the pressure testing of containers as defined in claim 3 wherein said means for locking said trap-door in closed position comprises a roller cam, the roller of which contacts a cooperative cam surface.
 7. An apparatus for the pressure testing of containers as defined in claim 1 wherein each test cell contains vertically slidable side walls, which side walls are in contact with said bottom support to seal the individual cells from other cells around the periphery of the turret.
 8. An apparatus for the pressure testing of containers as defined in claim 7 including means for raising said side walls a predetermined distance during admitting and discharging containers from the cells and means which pass below said raised side walls, adjacent the window, for admitting and discharging containers from the cells.
 9. An apparatus for the pressure testing of containers as defined in claim 8 wherein each test cell includes a stationary rear wall, the rear wall having guide means for raising of the side walls, and the side walls carry a rolling cam, which cam follows a track in the inside surface of said stationary housing, whereby a change in height of the track effects raising and lowering of the side walls.
 10. An apparatus for the pressure testing of containers as defined in claim 1 wherein each cell has a stationary rear wall, including baffle means attached to the turret and interconnected with the rear wall, said baffle means arranged to exhaust pressurized fluid from said cell upon breakage of a container therein while muffling the sound caused by such breakage and removing container fragments from the exhausted fluid prior to discharge of the fluid to the atmosphere.
 11. An apparatus for the pressure testing of containers as defined in claim 1 including pressurized fluid recovery means for transferring a portion of the pressurized fluid from a container, prior to exhausting the fluid therefrom, to a subsequent container prior to introductiNg pressurized fluid to said subsequent container.
 12. An apparatus for the pressure testing of containers as defined in claim 11 wherein a plurality of successive said pressurized fluid recovery means are provided, including means for first transferring pressurized fluid from a first container about to be exhausted to a subsequent container and means for a second transferring of pressurized fluid from a container immediately following the first container to the subsequent container.
 13. An apparatus for the pressure testing of containers as defined in claim 1 including pressurized fluid distribution means for distributing pressurized fluid from a source thereof to individual said means for introducing fluid under pressure into the containers resting in the cells.
 14. An apparatus for the pressure testing of containers as defined in claim 13 wherein the pressurized fluid distribution means comprises a pair of contiguous rings, one of said pair of rings being stationary and the other of said pair rotatable with said turret, the rings having fluid passage means therein through which fluid from said source is directed to said means for introducing fluid under pressure into the containers at predetermined points of rotation of the turret.
 15. An apparatus for the pressure testing of containers as defined in claim 14 wherein said one ring contains fluid passage means which communicate with said pressurized fluid source and said other ring contains individual ports therethrough, each port of which communicates with a respective means for introducing fluid under pressure into containers of individual cells.
 16. An apparatus for the pressure testing of containers as defined in claim 1 wherein said means for introducing fluid under pressure into the container comprises a vertically slidable hollow tube arranged to contact and seal the lip of a container resting in a cell and valve means for controlling the flow of pressurized fluid through the tube and into the container.
 17. An apparatus for the pressure testing of containers as defined in claim 16 including a housing, which housing encases the upper portion of said slidable tube; a tube opening connecting the hollow portion of the tube with the interior of the housing; a flange on said tube and a reciprocable spool disposed around said tube; said flange tube opening and spool contained within the housing; and means for directing pressurized fluid to be introduced into said container on said flange, whereby, upon initial impact of pressurized air upon the flange, the tube and spool are urged downwardly until the tube contacts a container resting in the cell, while the spool is further urged downwardly to direct the pressurized air through the tube opening and the hollow tube into a container.
 18. An apparatus for pressure testing of containers is defined in claim 17 wherein the flange, tube opening and spool are so arranged that if the tube, upon downward urging, does not contact a container within the cell, the flange and spool are contiguious and pressurized air is prevented from entering the tube opening and hollow portion of the tube.
 19. An apparatus for the pressure testing of containers as defined in claim 17 including resilient means to urge said tube upwardly when there is no pressurized fluid directed on said flange.
 20. An apparatus for the pressure testing of containers as defined in claim 16 including: a. means for sealing said container from the source of pressurized fluid following introduction of a predetermined amount of pressurized fluid into the container, b. a pressure responsive indicating means, and c. means for connecting the pressurized fluid contained within the container with the pressure responsive indicating means whereby reduction of the pressure within a container through leakage of the pressurized fluid to the atmosphere with actuate said pressure responsive indicating means.
 21. Apparatus as defined in claim 16 including: a. means for sealing said contAiner from the source of pressurized fluid following introduction of a predetermined amount of pressurized fluid into the container, b. actuating means carried by each cell and responsive to the pressure in the container and having a first position when the container retains a predetermined pressure therein and a second position when the container fails to retain the predetermined pressure, c. switch means mounted on the housing and activated by the actuating means when the latter is in the second position as the cell rotates past the switch means, and d. indicator means operatively connected to the switch means.
 22. Apparatus as defined in claim 21 wherein the actuating means comprises: a. a predetermined number of switch engaging members engaged to provide a coded identity unique to each cell, b. the switch means comprises a plurality of switches sufficient in number and arrangement to satisfy the requirements of the code, and c. decoder means operatively connected to the switch means and to the indicator means.
 23. Apparatus as defined in claim 16 including: a. means for sealing said container from the source of pressurized fluid following introduction of a predetermined amount of pressurized fluid into the container, b. actuating means carried by each cell and responsive to the pressure in the container and having a first position when the container retains a predetermined pressure therein and a second position when the container fails to retain the predetermined pressure, c. ejection switch means mounted on the housing and activated by the actuating means when the latter is in the second position, d. conveyor means for moving containers discharged from the housing, and e. ejection means operatively connected to and responsive to the activation of the ejection switch for ejecting discharged containers which have failed to retain the predetermined pressure.
 24. An apparatus for the pressure testing of bottles comprising: a. a rotatable turret having a series of bottle test cells around the periphery thereof, each cell being formed by
 25. An apparatus for the pressure testing of containers as defined in claim 24 wherein the bottom support upon which the bottles rest includes a support means and a pivotable door, arranged such that the bottles rest on the door; and means for pivoting said door downwardly upon breakage of the bottle resting within the cell to discharge resulting bottle fragments therefrom.
 26. An apparatus for the pressure testing of containers as defined in claim 25 including a pressurized air transfer means for transferring a portion of the air from a bottle, prior to exhausting the bottle, to a subsequent bottle that is to about to have pressurized air introduced thereto.
 27. A method of pressure testing containers to determine whether the containers are resistant to breakage when subjected to a predetermined internal pressure, while continuing movement of the containers from a source of containers to a distant area comprising: a. Admitting successive containers into a series of sealable test cells arranged around the periphery of a rotating turret by placement of individual containers on bottle support members of individual said sealable test cells, b. sealing the test cells from the surrounding area while continuing rotation of the turret, c. subjecting the containers to a predetermined internal pressure by introducing a pressurized fluid into the containers, d. maintaining the pressurized fluid within the containers for a predetermined period of rotation of the turret, e. transferring pressurized fluid from a container to a further container prior to subjecting the further container to the predetermined internal pressure, f. exhausting the pressurized fluid from the containers, g. individually opening the test cells following the exhaustion of pressurized fluid from the containers placed therein, and h. discharging the containers from the test cells for continued movement to the distant area while continuing rotation of the turret.
 28. The method as defined in claim 27 wherein the pressurized fluid is air.
 29. The method as defined in claim 28 wherein the predetermined internal test pressure is between about 170 to 230 pounds per square inch.
 30. The method as defined in claim 28 wherein the predetermined period of rotation of the turret is carried out during a time period of about 2-5 seconds.
 31. The method as defined in claim 28 wherein the containers comprise glass bottles. 